Canada Population Pyramid (2026)
Canada has a population of 40,467,727 in 2026, according to the UN World Population Prospects 2024 (projection for 1 July). That is the 38th-largest population in the world and 0.49% of the global total of 8.30 billion. Children under 15 make up 14.9% of the population and people aged 65 and over 20.7%, with 98.6 males for every 100 females.
Canada Demographics
Canada has 40.5 million people in 2026, up 88.7% from 21.4 million in 1970.
Births outnumber deaths by 29,912 (UN projection for 2026).
65+ share 20.7% — the 31st-highest of 194 countries.
Under-15 share 14.9% — the 31st-lowest of 194 countries.
Largest generation: Millennials — 22.4% (9,077,298)
All generations in Canada →
Population pyramid, 1950 to 2026
Watch how Canada's population structure evolved from 1950 to 2026
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Sex Ratio & Gender Distribution
Canada has 98.6 males per 100 females (sex ratio)
Women outnumber men by 282,867 (0.7% of the population).
Male Statistics
- Population:20,092,430
- Percentage:49.7%
Female Statistics
- Population:20,375,297
- Percentage:50.3%
- Ratio Format:1:1.014
Sex Ratio Analysis
The sex ratio of Canada indicates more females than males.
Birth Statistics & Natality Data
Estimated births today
Simulated from the UN WPP 2024 projection of 361,315 births in 2026.
Current Birth Metrics (2026)
Temporal Distribution
Averages from the UN annual births, 2026 projection
Historical Birth Rate Trends, 1950 to 2026
Birth Statistics, 2021 to 2026
| Year | Births | Birth Rate (per 1,000) | TFR (children/woman) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 369,789 | 9.6 | 1.43 | estimate |
| 2022 | 354,665 | 9.1 | 1.37 | estimate |
| 2023 | 356,745 | 9.1 | 1.35 | estimate |
| 2024 | 361,079 | 9.1 | 1.34 | projection |
| 2025 | 361,103 | 9.0 | 1.33 | projection |
| 2026 | 361,315 | 8.9 | 1.33 | projection |
Historical Analysis
Global Context (2026)
Source: UN WPP 2024: births, birth rate and fertility for 2024 and later are medium-variant projections; 1950–2023 are estimates. The live counter is a uniform simulation of the 2026 projection (361,315 births), not a real-time feed.
Median Age Analysis
Canada's median age is 40.8 years
Half the population is younger than 40.8 years, half is older — indicating a middle-aged society
Complete Age Distribution & Youth Demographics
| Age Group | Population | % | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 1,893,289 | 4.7% | Youth |
| 5-9 | 2,006,906 | 5.0% | Youth |
| 10-14 | 2,110,914 | 5.2% | Youth |
| 15-19 | 2,217,674 | 5.5% | Young Adult |
| 20-24 | 2,421,030 | 6.0% | Young Adult |
| 25-29 | 2,797,763 | 6.9% | Working Age |
| 30-34 | 2,891,592 | 7.1% | Working Age |
| 35-39 | 2,863,473 | 7.1% | Working Age |
| 40-44 | 2,767,879 | 6.8% | Working Age |
| 45-49 | 2,575,634 | 6.4% | Working Age |
| 50-54 | 2,423,325 | 6.0% | Working Age |
| 55-59 | 2,443,096 | 6.0% | Working Age |
| 60-64 | 2,664,512 | 6.6% | Working Age |
| 65-69 | 2,514,881 | 6.2% | Senior |
| 70-74 | 2,117,684 | 5.2% | Senior |
| 75-79 | 1,664,009 | 4.1% | Senior |
| 80-84 | 1,082,226 | 2.7% | Senior |
| 85-89 | 610,134 | 1.5% | Senior |
| 90-94 | 293,114 | 0.7% | Senior |
| 95-99 | 93,109 | 0.2% | Senior |
| 100+ | 15,483 | 0.0% | Senior |
Demographic Transition Model (DTM) Stage
Stage 4 (low birth and death rates): fertility is below the replacement level of 2.1 (1.33 children per woman), and births still exceed deaths (8.9 vs 8.2 per 1,000). Read more about Stage 4 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Fertility Rate & Birth Statistics
Canada Total Fertility Rate: 1.33 children per woman
Below the replacement level of 2.1
Fertility Rate Trends
Historical data (solid line) and future projections (dashed line)
Historical Fertility Trends
| Year | Total Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 1.43 | 9.6 | |
| 2022 | 1.37 | 9.1 | ↓0.06 |
| 2023 | 1.35 | 9.1 | ↓0.02 |
| 2024 | 1.34 | 9.1 | ↓0.01 |
| 2025 | 1.33 | 9.0 | ↓0.01 |
| 2026 | 1.33 | 8.9 | 0.00 |
Global Context
- • World Average: 2.23 children per woman
- • Comparison: Below global average
- • UN projection for 2030: 1.33
Canada's total fertility rate is 1.33 children per woman in 2026 (below replacement), below the replacement level of 2.1. Canada ranks 174 of 194 for fertility rate (1 = highest), in the lowest third of countries. The fertility rate has changed by −60.5% since 1950.
Historical Demographic Changes
Between 1950 and 2026, Canada's population has increased by 194.5%.
The median age has increased from 26.7 in 1950 to 40.8 in 2026, indicating population aging.
Understanding Canada's Demographics
Canada has a constrictive population pyramid — a base narrower than the middle, so younger cohorts are smaller than the ones above them.
Children under 15 make up 14.9% of the population and people aged 65 and over 20.7%.
The largest five-year age band is 30–34, at 7.1% of the population, compared with 4.7% in the 0–4 band.
Demographic Analysis: Canada's Population Structure
Demographic Dividend Window
Canada's working-age share peaked in 2007 at 69.5% and is 64.4% in 2026.
Fertility Transition Stage
Canada is in a period of below replacement, with a total fertility rate of 1.33 children per woman (2026, UN WPP 2024).
Population Aging Speed
Canada's median age changed by +1.1 years from 2016 to 2026, slower than the world average (+2.6 years).
Key Demographics
| Total Population | 40,467,727 |
| Male Population | 20,092,430(49.7%) |
| Female Population | 20,375,297(50.3%) |
| Median Age | 40.8 years |
| Sex Ratio | 98.6 males per 100 females |
| Youth (0-14) | 6,011,109(14.9%) |
| Working Age (15-64) | 26,065,978(64.4%) |
| Elderly (65+) | 8,390,640(20.7%) |
| Total Dependency Ratio | 55.3 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio | 23.1 |
| Old Age Dependency Ratio | 32.2 |
| Pyramid Type | Constrictive |
Dependency Ratios: Number of dependents per 100 working-age individuals.
Demographic Data Visualizations
Total population, 1950–2026 (UN WPP 2024; 2024 onward are projections).
Median age, 1950–2026 (UN WPP 2024; 2024 onward are projections).
Youth, working-age and elderly shares, 1950 vs 2026 (UN WPP 2024).
Age distribution in 2026: youth, working-age and elderly shares (UN WPP 2024; projection).
Life Expectancy in Canada
How long the average person in Canada is expected to live · sourced from UN WPP 2024
Historical Trend, 1950 → 2026 (plus UN projection to 2100)
Solid: actual · Dashed: medium-variant projectionFuture Demographic Trends
Canada is projected to grow to 45.6 million people by 2050 (+12.7% from 2026).
The median age rises from 40.8 in 2026 to 45.1 by 2050.
Canada's Demographic Evolution by Decade
The population increased by 14.4%, growing from 21.4 million in 1970 to 24.5 million by 1980
The median age increased by 3.1 years, indicating population aging during this period
The youth population share contracted by 7.4 percentage points
Meanwhile, the elderly population proportion grew by 1.5 percentage points.
Key Demographic Highlights
- • Population changed from 21.4M to 24.5M
- • Growth rate of 14.4% over the decade
- • Median age shifted from 25.0 to 28.1 years (+3.1y)
- • 65+ share changed by +1.5 points; under-15 share by −7.4 points
How Does Canada Compare to Its Neighbors?
Canada has a younger population than Denmark. Canada has an older population than United States, Russia.
Canada
United States
Denmark
Russia
| Country | Population | Median Age | Youth % | Elderly % | Pyramid Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Canada (Current) | 40,467,727 | 40.8 | 14.9% | 20.7% | constrictive |
| United States | 349,035,494 | 38.7 | 16.9% | 18.8% | constrictive |
| Denmark | 6,023,520 | 41.3 | 15.5% | 21.4% | constrictive |
| Russia | 143,394,458 | 40.7 | 16.7% | 18.4% | constrictive |
Frequently Asked Questions About Canada
How does Canada rank globally by population?
Canada ranks 38th in the world by population with 40.5 million people as of 2026, representing 0.49% of the global total of 8.30 billion.
What does Canada's age structure reveal about its development?
Canada's age structure — 14.9% under 15, 64.4% working-age (15–64) and 20.7% aged 65+ — is that of a country in Stage 4 of the demographic transition, with a constrictive population pyramid. The median age is 40.8 years.
What is the dependency ratio in Canada?
Canada has 55.3 people under 15 or aged 65+ per 100 people aged 15–64 in 2026.
Is Canada experiencing a demographic dividend?
Canada has moved past its demographic-dividend window. Canada's working-age share peaked in 2007 at 69.5% and is 64.4% in 2026. The demographic dividend occurs when falling fertility creates a bulge in the working-age population while dependency ratios stay manageable.
What are the gender dynamics in Canada's population?
Canada has more females than males, with 98.6 males per 100 females.
Compare with Other Countries
Data Sources & Methodology
All population data is sourced from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. The data represents UN medium-variant projections.
Cite this page: Population Pyramids. (2026). Canada Population Pyramid and Demographic Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.populationpyramids.org/canada
View UN World Population Prospects Data →