Poland vs Ukraine: Population Comparison 2026
Poland
UkraineUkraine has 1,692,659 more people than Poland (1.0× as many): 39.5 million vs 37.8 million in 2026. Median age is 43.0 in Poland and 41.8 in Ukraine; fertility is 1.31 vs 1.00 children per woman.
Poland
2026- Median age
- 43.0
- Fertility (TFR)
- 1.31
- Working age (15–64)
- 64.6%
- Trend
- Declining (-0.78%)
Ukraine
2026- Median age
- 41.8
- Fertility (TFR)
- 1.00
- Working age (15–64)
- 67.5%
- Trend
- Growing (+1.43%)
Population pyramids, 2026
Total Population
Poland
37.8M
Ukraine
39.5M
Youth (0-14)
Poland
14.1%
Ukraine
13.4%
Elderly (65+)
Poland
21.3%
Ukraine
19.1%
Where the two pyramids differ
The pyramids are overlaid so you can read the difference by age and sex: the longer bar in each band marks the country with more people of that age.
📊 Understanding the Population Difference Chart
This visualization shows where and by how much the populations differ between Poland and Ukraine for each age group, split by gender:
Left Side (Males)
Blue = Poland has more males
Green = Ukraine has more males
Right Side (Females)
Pink = Poland has more females
Orange = Ukraine has more females
💡 How to Read: Each age group shows up to 2 bars - one on the left (male difference) and one on the right (female difference). The bar's color tells you which country has more people, and the bar's length shows by how much. For example, if you see a green bar on the left, it means Ukraine has more males in that age group.
Notable Differences (>20% variance):
Demographic comparison, 2026
| Indicator | Poland | Ukraine | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population (2026) | 37,843,189 | 39,535,848 | Ukraine has 1.7 million more (1.0×) |
| Change 2025–2026 | -0.8% (Declining) | +1.4% (Growing) | |
| Median age (2026) | 43.0 | 41.8 | Poland older by 1.2 yrs |
| Total fertility rate | 1.31 — 0.79 below replacement | 1.00 — 1.10 below replacement | |
| Fertility rate, 2030 (UN projection) | 1.33 | 1.03 | |
| Birth rate (per 1,000) | 7.5 | 6.1 | |
| Population 2050 (UN projection) | 32.8 million (-13.3%) | 32.0 million (-19.1%) | |
| Peak population | Peaks 2023 | Peaks 1993 |
Differences by age group, 2026
| Age | Poland (M / F) | Ukraine (M / F) | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 773K / 729K | 674K / 652K | Poland has 13.3% more people aged 0-4 |
| 5-9 | 958K / 906K | 897K / 858K | Poland has 6.2% more people aged 5-9 |
| 10-14 | 1017K / 964K | 1141K / 1082K | Ukraine has 12.2% more people aged 10-14 |
| 15-19 | 1066K / 1013K | 1171K / 1115K | Ukraine has 10.0% more people aged 15-19 |
| 20-24 | 892K / 851K | 1073K / 1046K | Ukraine has 21.6% more people aged 20-24 |
| 25-29 | 978K / 938K | 1116K / 1104K | Ukraine has 15.9% more people aged 25-29 |
| 30-34 | 1217K / 1165K | 1329K / 1302K | Ukraine has 10.5% more people aged 30-34 |
| 35-39 | 1445K / 1395K | 1669K / 1632K | Ukraine has 16.2% more people aged 35-39 |
| 40-44 | 1644K / 1600K | 1669K / 1652K | Ukraine has 2.4% more people aged 40-44 |
| 45-49 | 1563K / 1540K | 1410K / 1495K | Poland has 6.8% more people aged 45-49 |
| 50-54 | 1353K / 1359K | 1183K / 1381K | Poland has 5.8% more people aged 50-54 |
| 55-59 | 1098K / 1141K | 1204K / 1397K | Ukraine has 16.2% more people aged 55-59 |
| 60-64 | 1047K / 1145K | 1231K / 1488K | Ukraine has 24.0% more people aged 60-64 |
| 65-69 | 1105K / 1324K | 1049K / 1483K | Ukraine has 4.2% more people aged 65-69 |
| 70-74 | 965K / 1293K | 718K / 1260K | Poland has 14.1% more people aged 70-74 |
| 75-79 | 659K / 1003K | 457K / 929K | Poland has 20.0% more people aged 75-79 |
| 80-84 | 292K / 531K | 185K / 479K | Poland has 24.0% more people aged 80-84 |
| 85-89 | 167K / 382K | 170K / 516K | Ukraine has 25.0% more people aged 85-89 |
| 90-94 | 67K / 188K | 48K / 173K | Poland has 15.6% more people aged 90-94 |
| 95-99 | 14K / 49K | 14K / 70K | Ukraine has 32.2% more people aged 95-99 |
| 100+ | 1K / 7K | 1K / 15K | Ukraine has 97.8% more people aged 100+ |
Frequently Asked Questions
Which has more people, Poland or Ukraine?
Ukraine has more: 39.5 million vs 37.8 million in 2026 — 1.0× as many, 1.7 million more people.
Which country is older?
Poland, with a median age of 43.0 vs 41.8 in Ukraine (2026).
Which has higher fertility?
Poland, at 1.31 children per woman vs 1.00 in Ukraine. Replacement is 2.1, so both are below it.
How will Poland and Ukraine compare in 2050?
By 2050 the UN projects Poland at 32.8 million (-13.3% from 2026) and Ukraine at 32.0 million (-19.1%).
Are Poland and Ukraine growing or shrinking?
Poland is declining (-0.8% in 2026); Ukraine is growing (+1.4%).
