India vs Bangladesh: Population Comparison 2025
Compare India and Bangladesh population structures. Analyze demographic transitions, fertility decline, population density challenges, and economic development patterns in South Asia.
India
Bangladesh
Population Pyramids Comparison
Total Population
India
1463.9M
Bangladesh
175.7M
Youth (0-14)
India
24.2%
Bangladesh
27.6%
Elderly (65+)
India
7.4%
Bangladesh
6.7%
Demographic Analysis: India vs Bangladesh
In 2025, India has a population of 1.46B, while Bangladesh has 176M. This represents a difference of 1.29B, with India having 8.3 times the population of the other. India ranks #1 globally by population size, while Bangladesh ranks #8.
The median age reveals significant demographic differences: India has a median age of 29.8 years, compared to 27.0 years in Bangladesh. This 2.8-year difference indicates that India has a significantly older population, with important implications for workforce dynamics, healthcare needs, and economic development. The dependency ratio in India is 46.1%, while in Bangladesh it is 52.2%, showing the relative burden of non-working age populations on the workforce.
Gender balance differs between the two countries: India has a sex ratio of 106.44 males per female, while Bangladesh has 96.69. India shows a higher proportion of males, which can affect marriage markets, labor force composition, and social dynamics. These ratios reflect various factors including sex-selective practices, differential mortality rates, and migration patterns.
Comprehensive Demographic Comparison 2025
| Indicator | India | Bangladesh | Difference / Ratio |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population Metrics | |||
| Total Population (2025) | 1.46B | 176M | 8.3x larger |
| World Population Ranking | #1 | #8 | 7 places apart |
| Population Growth Rate (5-year) | +0.86% | +1.10% | 0.25pp difference |
| Projected Growth (2025-2050) | 0.00% | 0.00% | 0.00pp difference |
| Age Structure | |||
| Median Age | 29.8 years | 27.0 years | 2.8 years older |
| Youth (0-14) Population | 24.2% | 27.6% | 3.5pp difference |
| Working Age (15-64) Population | 68.4% | 65.7% | 2.7pp difference |
| Elderly (65+) Population | 7.4% | 6.7% | 0.7pp difference |
| Youth Bulge (15-29) | 26.1% | 27.5% | 1.5pp difference |
| Prime Workforce (25-54) | 42.7% | 40.0% | 2.8pp difference |
| Demographic Indicators | |||
| Total Dependency Ratio | 46.1% | 52.2% | 6.1pp difference |
| Child Dependency Ratio | 35.4% | 42.1% | 6.7pp difference |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio | 10.8% | 10.2% | 0.6pp difference |
| Sex Ratio (males per 100 females) | 106.4 | 96.7 | 9.7 difference |
| Total Fertility Rate | 1.98 children/woman | 2.16 children/woman | 0.19 difference |
| Estimated Birth Rate | 15.5 per 1,000 | 19.2 per 1,000 | 3.7 difference |
| Aging Index (65+/0-14) | 30.5% | 24.1% | 6.4pp difference |
| Population Pyramid Type | stationary | stationary | Same type |
📊 Understanding the Population Difference Chart
This visualization shows where and by how much the populations differ between India and Bangladesh for each age group, split by gender:
Left Side (Males)
Blue = India has more males
Green = Bangladesh has more males
Right Side (Females)
Pink = India has more females
Orange = Bangladesh has more females
💡 How to Read: Each age group shows up to 2 bars - one on the left (male difference) and one on the right (female difference). The bar's color tells you which country has more people, and the bar's length shows by how much. For example, if you see a green bar on the left, it means Bangladesh has more males in that age group.
Notable Differences (>20% variance):
Population Difference
1288.2M
India larger
Growth Since 1950
India
+322.7%
Bangladesh
+326.4%
Population Ratio
1 : 0.12
India : Bangladesh
| Metric | India | Bangladesh | Difference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Population | 1.46B | 175.7M | +733.2% |
| Median Age | 29.8 years | 27.0 years | +2.8 |
| Youth Population (0-14) | 354.2M 24.2% | 48.6M 27.6% | +629.2% |
| Working Age (15-64) | 1.00B 68.4% | 115.4M 65.7% | +768.0% |
| Elderly Population (65+) | 108.0M 7.4% | 11.7M 6.7% | +821.7% |
| Total Dependency Ratio | 46.1 per 100 | 52.2 per 100 | -6.1 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio | 35.4 per 100 | 42.1 per 100 | -6.7 |
| Old-Age Dependency Ratio | 10.8 per 100 | 10.2 per 100 | +0.6 |
| Sex Ratio | 106.4 M/100F | 96.7 M/100F | +9.7 |
| Population Structure Type | Stationary | Stationary | Same |
Total Population
India
1.46B
Bangladesh
175.7M
Median Age
India
29.8 years
Bangladesh
27.0 years
Youth Population (0-14)
India
354.2M
24.2%
Bangladesh
48.6M
27.6%
Working Age (15-64)
India
1.00B
68.4%
Bangladesh
115.4M
65.7%
Elderly Population (65+)
India
108.0M
7.4%
Bangladesh
11.7M
6.7%
Total Dependency Ratio
India
46.1 per 100
Bangladesh
52.2 per 100
Youth Dependency Ratio
India
35.4 per 100
Bangladesh
42.1 per 100
Old-Age Dependency Ratio
India
10.8 per 100
Bangladesh
10.2 per 100
Sex Ratio
India
106.4 M/100F
Bangladesh
96.7 M/100F
Note: Dependency ratios represent the number of dependents (youth + elderly) per 100 working-age individuals. Higher ratios indicate greater economic burden on the working population.
Note: The replacement fertility rate of 2.1 is the level at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next.Both countries are experiencing demographic transitions as they develop economically. Countries below 2.1 face potential population decline without immigration, while those above 2.1 continue growing naturally.
Historic Milestone: 2023
Bangladesh became the world's most populous country, ending India's centuries-long reign