Mongolia Population Pyramid (2026)
Mongolia has a population of 3,556,798 in 2026, according to the UN World Population Prospects 2024 (projection for 1 July). That is the 131st-largest population in the world and 0.04% of the global total of 8.30 billion. Children under 15 make up 30.9% of the population and people aged 65 and over 5.7%, with 99.2 males for every 100 females.
Mongolia Demographics
Mongolia has 3.6 million people in 2026, up 174.6% from 1.3 million in 1970.
Births outnumber deaths by 38,802 (UN projection for 2026).
Under-15 share 30.9% — the 65th-highest of 194 countries.
65+ share 5.7% — the 76th-lowest of 194 countries.
Largest generation: Gen Alpha — 25.2% (895,610)
All generations in Mongolia →Population pyramid, 1950 to 2026
Watch how Mongolia's population structure evolved from 1950 to 2026
Page Navigation(Quick jump to sections)
Sex Ratio & Gender Distribution
Mongolia has 99.2 males per 100 females (sex ratio)
Women outnumber men by 14,132 (0.4% of the population).
Male Statistics
- Population:1,771,333
- Percentage:49.8%
Female Statistics
- Population:1,785,465
- Percentage:50.2%
- Ratio Format:1:1.008
Sex Ratio Analysis
The sex ratio of Mongolia indicates more females than males.
Birth Statistics & Natality Data
Estimated births today
Simulated from the UN WPP 2024 projection of 60,067 births in 2026.
Current Birth Metrics (2026)
Temporal Distribution
Averages from the UN annual births, 2026 projection
Historical Birth Rate Trends, 1950 to 2026
Birth Statistics, 2021 to 2026
| Year | Births | Birth Rate (per 1,000) | TFR (children/woman) | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 70,193 | 21.0 | 2.84 | estimate |
| 2022 | 67,247 | 19.9 | 2.75 | estimate |
| 2023 | 65,019 | 18.9 | 2.69 | estimate |
| 2024 | 63,101 | 18.2 | 2.63 | projection |
| 2025 | 61,431 | 17.5 | 2.59 | projection |
| 2026 | 60,067 | 16.9 | 2.54 | projection |
Historical Analysis
Global Context (2026)
Source: UN WPP 2024: births, birth rate and fertility for 2024 and later are medium-variant projections; 1950–2023 are estimates. The live counter is a uniform simulation of the 2026 projection (60,067 births), not a real-time feed.
Median Age Analysis
Mongolia's median age is 27.0 years
Half the population is younger than 27.0 years, half is older — indicating a young society
Complete Age Distribution & Youth Demographics
| Age Group | Population | % | Category |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 318,513 | 9.0% | Youth |
| 5-9 | 375,388 | 10.6% | Youth |
| 10-14 | 404,225 | 11.4% | Youth |
| 15-19 | 320,248 | 9.0% | Young Adult |
| 20-24 | 229,520 | 6.5% | Young Adult |
| 25-29 | 224,018 | 6.3% | Working Age |
| 30-34 | 244,499 | 6.9% | Working Age |
| 35-39 | 287,389 | 8.1% | Working Age |
| 40-44 | 250,550 | 7.0% | Working Age |
| 45-49 | 215,563 | 6.1% | Working Age |
| 50-54 | 189,697 | 5.3% | Working Age |
| 55-59 | 159,564 | 4.5% | Working Age |
| 60-64 | 133,455 | 3.8% | Working Age |
| 65-69 | 97,078 | 2.7% | Senior |
| 70-74 | 52,394 | 1.5% | Senior |
| 75-79 | 27,811 | 0.8% | Senior |
| 80-84 | 16,364 | 0.5% | Senior |
| 85-89 | 7,474 | 0.2% | Senior |
| 90-94 | 2,511 | 0.1% | Senior |
| 95-99 | 492 | 0.0% | Senior |
| 100+ | 44 | 0.0% | Senior |
Demographic Transition Model (DTM) Stage
Stage 3 (falling birth rate): 2.54 children per woman and 16.9 births per 1,000, with a low death rate (6.0). Read more about Stage 3 of the Demographic Transition Model.
Fertility Rate & Birth Statistics
Mongolia Total Fertility Rate: 2.54 children per woman
Above the replacement level of 2.1
Fertility Rate Trends
Historical data (solid line) and future projections (dashed line)
Historical Fertility Trends
| Year | Total Fertility Rate | Birth Rate | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2021 | 2.84 | 21.0 | |
| 2022 | 2.75 | 19.9 | ↓0.09 |
| 2023 | 2.69 | 18.9 | ↓0.06 |
| 2024 | 2.63 | 18.2 | ↓0.06 |
| 2025 | 2.59 | 17.5 | ↓0.04 |
| 2026 | 2.54 | 16.9 | ↓0.05 |
Global Context
- • World Average: 2.23 children per woman
- • Comparison: Above global average
- • UN projection for 2030: 2.39
Mongolia's total fertility rate is 2.54 children per woman in 2026 (above replacement), above the replacement level of 2.1. Mongolia ranks 72 of 194 for fertility rate (1 = highest), in the middle third of countries. The fertility rate has changed by −53.8% since 1950.
Historical Demographic Changes
Between 1950 and 2026, Mongolia's population has increased by 355.0%.
The median age has increased from 23.9 in 1950 to 27.0 in 2026, indicating population aging.
Understanding Mongolia's Demographics
Mongolia has an expansive population pyramid — a broad base of children that narrows steadily toward older ages.
Children under 15 make up 30.9% of the population and people aged 65 and over 5.7%.
The largest five-year age band is 10–14, at 11.4% of the population, compared with 9.0% in the 0–4 band.
Demographic Analysis: Mongolia's Population Structure
Demographic Dividend Window
Mongolia's working-age share peaked in 2009 at 68.3% and is 63.4% in 2026.
Fertility Transition Stage
Mongolia is in a period of above replacement, with a total fertility rate of 2.54 children per woman (2026, UN WPP 2024).
Population Aging Speed
Mongolia's median age changed by +1.1 years from 2016 to 2026, slower than the world average (+2.6 years).
Key Demographics
| Total Population | 3,556,798 |
| Male Population | 1,771,333(49.8%) |
| Female Population | 1,785,465(50.2%) |
| Median Age | 27.0 years |
| Sex Ratio | 99.2 males per 100 females |
| Youth (0-14) | 1,098,126(30.9%) |
| Working Age (15-64) | 2,254,504(63.4%) |
| Elderly (65+) | 204,168(5.7%) |
| Total Dependency Ratio | 57.8 |
| Youth Dependency Ratio | 48.7 |
| Old Age Dependency Ratio | 9.1 |
| Pyramid Type | Expansive |
Dependency Ratios: Number of dependents per 100 working-age individuals.
Demographic Data Visualizations
Total population, 1950–2026 (UN WPP 2024; 2024 onward are projections).
Median age, 1950–2026 (UN WPP 2024; 2024 onward are projections).
Youth, working-age and elderly shares, 1950 vs 2026 (UN WPP 2024).
Age distribution in 2026: youth, working-age and elderly shares (UN WPP 2024; projection).
Life Expectancy in Mongolia
How long the average person in Mongolia is expected to live · sourced from UN WPP 2024
Historical Trend, 1950 → 2026 (plus UN projection to 2100)
Solid: actual · Dashed: medium-variant projectionFuture Demographic Trends
Mongolia is projected to grow to 4.5 million people by 2050 (+26.6% from 2026).
The median age rises from 27.0 in 2026 to 32.0 by 2050.
Mongolia's Demographic Evolution by Decade
The population increased by 31.3%, growing from 1.3 million in 1970 to 1.7 million by 1980
The youth population share contracted by 1.9 percentage points
Meanwhile, the elderly population proportion declined by 1.0 percentage points.
Key Demographic Highlights
- • Population changed from 1.3M to 1.7M
- • Growth rate of 31.3% over the decade
- • Median age shifted from 16.4 to 16.6 years (+0.2y)
- • 65+ share changed by −1.0 points; under-15 share by −1.9 points
How Does Mongolia Compare to Its Neighbors?
Mongolia has a younger population than China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea. Mongolia has a smaller population than China, Japan, South Korea, North Korea.
Mongolia
China
Japan
South Korea
North Korea
| Country | Population | Median Age | Youth % | Elderly % | Pyramid Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mongolia (Current) | 3,556,798 | 27.0 | 30.9% | 5.7% | expansive |
| China | 1,412,914,088 | 40.6 | 14.8% | 15.1% | constrictive |
| Japan | 122,427,731 | 50.2 | 11.0% | 30.2% | constrictive |
| South Korea | 51,600,388 | 46.2 | 9.8% | 21.4% | constrictive |
| North Korea | 26,633,691 | 36.8 | 18.9% | 13.0% | constrictive |
Frequently Asked Questions About Mongolia
How does Mongolia rank globally by population?
Mongolia ranks 131st in the world by population with 3.56 million people as of 2026, representing 0.04% of the global total of 8.30 billion.
What does Mongolia's age structure reveal about its development?
Mongolia's age structure — 30.9% under 15, 63.4% working-age (15–64) and 5.7% aged 65+ — is that of a country in Stage 3 of the demographic transition, with an expansive population pyramid. The median age is 27.0 years.
What is the dependency ratio in Mongolia?
Mongolia has 57.8 people under 15 or aged 65+ per 100 people aged 15–64 in 2026.
Is Mongolia experiencing a demographic dividend?
Mongolia has moved past its demographic-dividend window. Mongolia's working-age share peaked in 2009 at 68.3% and is 63.4% in 2026. The demographic dividend occurs when falling fertility creates a bulge in the working-age population while dependency ratios stay manageable.
What are the gender dynamics in Mongolia's population?
Mongolia has more females than males, with 99.2 males per 100 females.
Compare with Other Countries
Data Sources & Methodology
All population data is sourced from the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. The data represents UN medium-variant projections.
Cite this page: Population Pyramids. (2026). Mongolia Population Pyramid and Demographic Analysis. Retrieved from https://www.populationpyramids.org/mongolia
View UN World Population Prospects Data →